Concurrent Precipitation Extremes Modulate the Response of Rice Transplanting Date to Preseason Temperature Extremes in China

Abstract Understanding how crop phenology responds to climate change is critical for enabling agricultural adaptation measures. Pre‐season temperature alone leads well‐understood changes in phenology. Nevertheless, the modulation effect of concurrent precipitation extremes on response has been largely under‐addressed. Here, we investigate rice transplanting dates pre‐season and reveal effects by using station‐observed from 1981 2018 across mainland China. We also evaluate performance a remotely sensed product, ChinaCropPhen1km, reproducing above responses effects. Our results showed that tended advance an extremely hot pre‐season, while extreme drought offset up 2.6 days. Transplanting be delayed cold exacerbated delay 1 day. Responses were divergent different regions. Under conditions, advanced further hotter wetter regions, under pre‐seasons, less colder drier ChinaCropPhen1km product underestimated 4.7 days detected opposite compared those obtained observations. highlight need improve our understanding modeling temperature–phenology relationship, which benefits field agriculture risk analysis adaptation.